By Adela D. Louie, Last updated: August 27, 2019
The terminal on your Mac is considered to be one of the most commonly used tools there is. However, not everybody knows what Terminal really Is and how they can use it. But do not worry, because, in this article, we are going to show you the things that you need to know about Terminal. Aside from that, we are also going to teach you how to open Terminal on your Mac.
Part 1: What is Terminal on Mac?
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The Terminal on your Mac is actually the one that controls your system using a specific command depending on what you need to do. And you actually get to use the Terminal on your Mac when you are one of those people who is actually used on working on a command line such as the Unix-based system. Because if so, then you would preferably use the Terminal on your Mac.
The terminal on your Mac is also known as the command line interface. And because of this, there are actually many advantages when you are using the Terminal application on your Mac because it is normally faster and a lot more. However, for you to be able to use the Terminal application, you will be needing to know more about the basic commands and functions that you will be using in Terminal. And once that you have done that, then that is the time that you can actually dig deeper and learn more of the advanced commands. All of which can be used when you try to use the Terminal on your Mac.
The terminal on your Mac is also known as the command line interface. And because of this, there are actually many advantages when you are using the Terminal application on your Mac because it is normally faster and a lot more. However, for you to be able to use the Terminal application, you will be needing to know more about the basic commands and functions that you will be using in Terminal. And once that you have done that, then that is the time that you can actually dig deeper and learn more of the advanced commands. All of which can be used when you try to use the Terminal on your Mac.
Part 2: How to Open Terminal On Mac
The Terminal application can actually be found when you try to launch your Utilities folder in Application. For you to open Terminal, you have actually two ways on how you can open Terminal on your Mac.
• Method #1: Opening Terminal On Mac Using Finder
Step 1: Go ahead and click on the Finder application in your dock.
Step 2: After that, click on the Go button located in the menu bar at the top of your screen.
Step 3: After that, go ahead and click on Utilities.
Step 4: And then, go ahead and scroll down and then double-click on Terminal located in the Utilities window.
• Method #2: Opening Terminal on Mac Using Spotlight
Step 1: Go ahead and click on the Spotlight icon located at the upper-right corner of your screen.
Step 2: And then, go ahead and type in “Terminal” in the search bar. Wait for the Terminal icon to appear on your screen.
Step 3: And then after that, go ahead and double-click on Terminal and the terminal window will be launched on your screen.
So that is it. You can do either of the two options on how you can open Terminal on your Mac. Then once that you are done, you will be able to see on your screen a small window that has a white background. On the title bar, you will be able to see where your username, the word “bash” and also the dimension of the window in pixels. In case if you are asking what “bash” means, it actually stands for “Bourne again shell”.
There are actually a lot of different shells that can actually be run on a Unix command and the Mac Bash is actually the one that is used by Terminal.
And in case that you would want to make your window bigger, all you have to do is to click at the bottom right corner and then simply drag it away. And in case that you are not comfortable with the white background and black text, then you can just simply go to Shel menu and then select “New window”. After that, go ahead and choose from the list of options shown on your screen.
So that is it. You can do either of the two options on how you can open Terminal on your Mac. Then once that you are done, you will be able to see on your screen a small window that has a white background. On the title bar, you will be able to see where your username, the word “bash” and also the dimension of the window in pixels. In case if you are asking what “bash” means, it actually stands for “Bourne again shell”.
There are actually a lot of different shells that can actually be run on a Unix command and the Mac Bash is actually the one that is used by Terminal.
And in case that you would want to make your window bigger, all you have to do is to click at the bottom right corner and then simply drag it away. And in case that you are not comfortable with the white background and black text, then you can just simply go to Shel menu and then select “New window”. After that, go ahead and choose from the list of options shown on your screen.
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Part 2: Basic Command To Use in Terminal
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Since that we have mentioned earlier that there is actually some basic command that you would need to know which you can use in the Terminal on your Mac. Knowing the basics is actually the key for you to be able to advance your knowledge in any aspect such as your Terminal.
Keep in mind that every command is actually composed of three elements which are as follows.
• The command itself
• The argument – which tells the command you are entering on what source are you trying to enter.
• The option that modifies the output.
An example of which is that when you try to move a file from one folder to another, you would use the command “mv” and then enter the location that you would want to move it to, and then include the name of the file and the location where you would want to move it.
You can also key in cd~/Document and then hit on the Return button for you to be able to go to your Home folder. You can also type in Is and then enter the word Return.
After that, you will then be able to see on your screen a list of files under your Documents folder – ls is the command used for listing the files.
And for you to be able to see all the commands that are available in your Terminal, all you have to do is to press and hold the Escape button and then press the Y once that you see a question that asks if you would want to see them all. And if you would want to see more of the commands, all you have to do is to press Return.
Another information that you need to know is that Unix normally has its very own built-in manual. And the way for you to know them all is to type in man[name of the command].
Keep in mind that every command is actually composed of three elements which are as follows.
• The command itself
• The argument – which tells the command you are entering on what source are you trying to enter.
• The option that modifies the output.
An example of which is that when you try to move a file from one folder to another, you would use the command “mv” and then enter the location that you would want to move it to, and then include the name of the file and the location where you would want to move it.
You can also key in cd~/Document and then hit on the Return button for you to be able to go to your Home folder. You can also type in Is and then enter the word Return.
After that, you will then be able to see on your screen a list of files under your Documents folder – ls is the command used for listing the files.
And for you to be able to see all the commands that are available in your Terminal, all you have to do is to press and hold the Escape button and then press the Y once that you see a question that asks if you would want to see them all. And if you would want to see more of the commands, all you have to do is to press Return.
Another information that you need to know is that Unix normally has its very own built-in manual. And the way for you to know them all is to type in man[name of the command].
Part 3: Rules of Terminal
Just like any other program, Terminal also has its very own rules that you would be needing to follow. This way, you will be able to know if you are entering the right command or if you are having the right format.
The first thing that you need to know is that you have to make consider that every character matters. This includes the spaces on the command. So you always have to make sure that you are having the right spaces and that you have the right characters and that the letters are in the correct cases.
You can also try to use the mouse of your PC or the trackpad in the Terminal. Or you can also use the arrow keys in your keyboard for you to navigate. If ever that you would want to re-run a certain command, all you have to do is to press on the arrow up until you reach your target. And once that you are on your target, just go ahead and press Return. And if you would want to interrupt a certain command that is running, then all you have to do is to type in Control-C.
Also, you have to remember that the command should also be entered in the right location. So if in case that you did not include the location in the command, then it will just go on the last folder wherein you last moved something. It can also go to the last command that you enter. You can use the command cd, following by the directory path.
Aside from that, there is also another way for you to be able to specify a certain location. All you have to do is to go to your Finder. After that, go ahead and or to the file or to the folder that you want and then drag it to the Terminal Window. Make sure that you are going to do this where you are typing the path.
Here is an example wherein you are actually going to make a new folder inside your Documents directory which can be called the “TerminalTest”.
The first thing that you need to know is that you have to make consider that every character matters. This includes the spaces on the command. So you always have to make sure that you are having the right spaces and that you have the right characters and that the letters are in the correct cases.
You can also try to use the mouse of your PC or the trackpad in the Terminal. Or you can also use the arrow keys in your keyboard for you to navigate. If ever that you would want to re-run a certain command, all you have to do is to press on the arrow up until you reach your target. And once that you are on your target, just go ahead and press Return. And if you would want to interrupt a certain command that is running, then all you have to do is to type in Control-C.
Also, you have to remember that the command should also be entered in the right location. So if in case that you did not include the location in the command, then it will just go on the last folder wherein you last moved something. It can also go to the last command that you enter. You can use the command cd, following by the directory path.
Aside from that, there is also another way for you to be able to specify a certain location. All you have to do is to go to your Finder. After that, go ahead and or to the file or to the folder that you want and then drag it to the Terminal Window. Make sure that you are going to do this where you are typing the path.
Here is an example wherein you are actually going to make a new folder inside your Documents directory which can be called the “TerminalTest”.
Step 1: Go ahead and launch Finder on your Mac.
Step 2: After that, go ahead and open your Documents folder.
Step 3: And then, enter the command cd and then drag Document folder toward your Terminal window.
Step 4: After that, go ahead and enter mkdir “TerminalTest”
Step 5: After that, go back to your Finder and then open Text Edit and make a new file called the “TerminalTestFile.rtf”.
Step 6: And then, save this to your TerminalTest folder in your Documents folder.
Step 7: Then in the Terminal window, go ahead and enter this command: cd ~/Documents/TerminalTest
Step 8: After which, press on Return.
Step 9: And then, type the command ls and then you will be able to see the “TerminalTestFile” listed on your screen.
And if you would like to change a certain file name, all you have to do is to type the following command that we are going to show you below. However, you have to make sure that you press on the Return button after every step.
Step 1: cd~/Documents/TerminalTest
Step 2: mc TerminalTestFile TerminalTestFile2.rtf
This way, you will be able to change the file name to “TerminalTestFile2” or you can change it to any name that you want. You can also have it moved by using the mv command. All you have to do is to enter this in Terminal.
mv ~/Documents/TerminalTest TerminalTestFile.rtf ~/Documents/TerminalTest2 TerminalTestFile.rtf
Step 1: cd~/Documents/TerminalTest
Step 2: mc TerminalTestFile TerminalTestFile2.rtf
This way, you will be able to change the file name to “TerminalTestFile2” or you can change it to any name that you want. You can also have it moved by using the mv command. All you have to do is to enter this in Terminal.
mv ~/Documents/TerminalTest TerminalTestFile.rtf ~/Documents/TerminalTest2 TerminalTestFile.rtf
Part 4: Other Advanced Terminal Commands
Once that you are actually familiar with all the basic command that you should use in Terminal, then it is time for you to move on to the advanced commands. Terminal has the ability to use different kinds of tasks on your Mac. Some of which can actually be performed using the Finder application but it is faster if you do it in Terminal. We have included here some of the samples that you can use.
• Copy Files From One Folder to Another Folder
Step 1: Go to Terminal and then type in the following command:
d itto
[folder 1][folder 2] – folder 1 actually refers to where it is coming from and folder 2 is where you are copying the files to.
Step 2: If you would want to view the file that you copied in the Terminal window, go ahead and type -v after the command.
• Download Files from the Internet
Here you will be needing to have the URL of the file that you would want to download for you to be able to use Terminal.
Step 1: Type in the command: cd ~/Downloads/
Step 2: Then type in the command: -O [URL of the file that you want to download].
If you would want to download that certain file to another folder, all you have to do is to replace the ~/Downloads/ with the name of the folder that you want. Or you can just simply drag it to your Terminal window after you type in the cd command.
Step 1: Type in the command: cd ~/Downloads/
Step 2: Then type in the command: -O [URL of the file that you want to download].
If you would want to download that certain file to another folder, all you have to do is to replace the ~/Downloads/ with the name of the folder that you want. Or you can just simply drag it to your Terminal window after you type in the cd command.
• Changing The Location Of Screenshots
You can do this if you do not want to save your screenshots on your Desktop.
Step 1: defaults write com.apple.
Step 1: defaults write com.apple.
screencapture
location [path to the folder where you want to save your screenshots]
Step 2: Then hit on the Return key.
Step 3: And then enter the command:
Step 2: Then hit on the Return key.
Step 3: And then enter the command:
killall
SystemUIServer
Step 4: And then hit the Return key.
Step 4: And then hit the Return key.
• Changing the Default Type of The Screenshots
As a default format, your Mac will save all of your screenshots in a .png file. Now, for you to be able to change this to .jpg using your Terminal, here is what you need to do.
Step 1: defaults write com.apple.
Step 1: defaults write com.apple.
screencapture
type JPG
Step 2: Then after that, go ahead and hit the Return key.
Step 3: And then enter this command:
Step 2: Then after that, go ahead and hit the Return key.
Step 3: And then enter this command:
killall
SystemUIServer
Step 4: And then hit Return
Aside from all of these, there is still some other advanced command that you can use in your Terminal application.
Step 4: And then hit Return
Aside from all of these, there is still some other advanced command that you can use in your Terminal application.
Part 5: Conclusion
So, that is it. It is as simple as that on how you can open the Terminal application on your Mac. Also, there are a lot of things that you should learn about Terminal especially on the commands that you will be needing to use.
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The Terminal app allows you to control your Mac using a command prompt. Why would you want to do that? Well, perhaps because you’re used to working on a command line in a Unix-based system and prefer to work that way. Terminal is a Mac command line interface. There are several advantages to using Terminal to accomplish some tasks — it’s usually quicker, for example. In order to use it, however, you’ll need to get to grips with its basic commands and functions. Once you’ve done that, you can dig deeper and learn more commands and use your Mac’s command prompt for more complex, as well as some fun, tasks.
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The Terminal app is in the Utilities folder in Applications. To open it, either open your Applications folder, then open Utilities and double-click on Terminal, or press Command - spacebar to launch Spotlight and type 'Terminal,' then double-click the search result.
You’ll see a small window with a white background open on your desktop. In the title bar are your username, the word 'bash' and the dimensions of the window in pixels. Bash stands for 'Bourne again shell'. There are a number of different shells that can run Unix commands, and on the Mac Bash is the one used by Terminal.
If you want to make the window bigger, click on the bottom right corner and drag it outwards. If you don’t like the black text on a white background, go to the Shell menu, choose New Window and select from the options in the list.
If Terminal feels complicated or you have issues with the set-up, let us tell you right away that there are alternatives. MacPilot allows to get access to over 1,200 macOS features without memorizing any commands. Basically, a third-party Terminal for Mac that acts like Finder.
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Basic Mac commands in Terminal
The quickest way to get to know Terminal and understand how it works is to start using it. But before we do that, it’s worth spending a little time getting to know how commands work. To run a command, you just type it at the cursor and hit Return to execute.
Every command is made up of three elements: the command itself, an argument which tells the command what resource it should operate on, and an option that modifies the output. So, for example, to move a file from one folder to another on your Mac, you’d use the move command 'mv' and then type the location of the file you want to move, including the file name and the location where you want to move it to.
Let’s try it.
- Type cd ~/Documentsthen and press Return to navigate to your Home folder.
- Type lsthen Return (you type Return after every command).
You should now see a list of all the files in your Documents folder — ls is the command for listing files.
To see a list of all the commands available in Terminal, hold down the Escape key and then press y when you see a question asking if you want to see all the possibilities. To see more commands, press Return.
Unix has its own built-in manual. So, to learn more about a command type man [name of command], where 'command' is the name of the command you want find out more about.
Terminal rules
There are a few things you need to bear in mind when you’re typing commands in Terminal, or any other command-line tool. Firstly, every character matters, including spaces. So when you’re copying a command you see here, make sure you include the spaces and that characters are in the correct case.
You can’t use a mouse or trackpad in Terminal, but you can navigate using the arrow keys. If you want to re-run a command, tap the up arrow key until you reach it, then press Return. To interrupt a command that’s already running, type Control-C.
Commands are always executed in the current location. So, if you don’t specify a location in the command, it will run wherever you last moved to or where the last command was run. Use the cdcommand, followed by a directory path, like in Step 1 above, to specify the folder where you want a command to run.
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There is another way to specify a location: go to the Finder, navigate to the file or folder you want and drag it onto the Terminal window, with the cursor at the point where you would have typed the path.
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Here’s another example. This time, we’ll create a new folder inside your Documents directory and call it 'TerminalTest.'
- Open a Finder window and navigate to your Documents folder.
- Type cd and drag the Documents folder onto the Terminal window.
- Now, type mkdir 'TerminalTest'
Go back to the Finder, open Text Edit and create a new file called 'TerminalTestFile.rtf'. Now save it to the TerminalTest folder in your Documents folder.
In the Terminal window, type cd ~/Documents/TerminalTest then Return. Now type lsand you should see 'TerminalTestFile' listed.
To change the name of the file, type this, pressing Return after every step:
- cd~/Documents/Terminal Test
- mv TerminalTestFile TerminalTestFile2.rtf
That will change the name of the file to 'TerminalTestFile2'. You can, of course, use any name you like. The mv command means 'move' and you can also use it to move files from one directory to another. In that case, you’d keep the file names the same, but specify another directory before typing the the second instance of the name, like this:
mv ~/Documents/TerminalTest TerminalTestFile.rtf ~/Documents/TerminalTest2 TerminalTestFile.rtf
More advanced Terminal commands
Terminal can be used for all sorts of different tasks. Some of them can be performed in the Finder, but are quicker in Terminal. Others access deep-rooted parts of macOS that aren’t accessible from the Finder without specialist applications. Here are a few examples.
Copy files from one folder to another
- In a Terminal window, type ditto [folder 1] [folder 1] where 'folder 1' is the folder that hosts the files and 'folder 2' is the folder you want to move them to.
- To see the files being copied in the Terminal window, type -v after the command.
Download files from the internet
You’ll need the URL of the file you want to download in order to use Terminal for this.
- cd ~/Downloads/
- curl -O [URL of file you want to download]
If you want to download the file to a directory other than your Downloads folder, replace ~/Downloads/ with the path to that folder, or drag it onto the Terminal window after you type the cd command.
Change the default location for screenshots
Mac Os Open Terminal
If you don’t want macOS to save screenshots to your Desktop when you press Command-Shift-3, you can change the default location in Terminal
- defaults write com.apple.screencapture location [path to folder where you want screenshots to be saved]
- Hit Return
- killall SystemUIServer
- Hit Return
Change the default file type for screenshots
By default, macOS saves screenshots as .png files. To change that to .jpg, do this:
- defaults write com.apple.screencapture type JPG
- Press Return
- killall SystemUIServer
- Press Return
Delete all files in a folder
The command used to delete, or remove, files in Terminal is rm. So, for example, if you wanted to remove a file in your Documents folder named 'oldfile.rtf' you’d use cd ~/Documents to go to your Documents folder then to delete the file. As it stands, that will delete the file without further intervention from you. If you want to confirm the file to be deleted, use -i as in rm -i oldfile.rtf
To delete all the files and sub-folders in a directory named 'oldfolder', the command is rm -R oldfolder and to confirm each file should be deleted, rm -iR oldfolder
Just because you can use Terminal to delete files on your Mac, doesn’t mean you should. It’s a relatively blunt instrument, deleting only those files and folders you specify.
Another way to free up space
If your goal in removing files or folders is to free up space on your Mac, or to remove junk files that are causing your Mac to run slowly, it’s far better to use an app designed for the purpose. CleanMyMac X is one such app.
It will scan your Mac for files and recommend which ones you can delete safely, as well as telling you how much space you’ll save. And once you’ve decided which files to delete, you can get rid of them in a click. You can download CleanMyMac here.
As you can see, while Terminal may look scary and seem like it’s difficult to use, it really isn’t. The key is learning a few commands, such as those we’ve outlined above, and getting to know the syntax for those commands.
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However, you should be careful when using Terminal, it’s a powerful tool that has deep access to your Mac’s system files. Check commands by googling them if you’re not sure what they do. And if you need to delete files to save space, use an app like CleanMyMac X to do it. It’s much safer!